Battery Management System (BMS) is to monitor and manage the performance, safety, and reliability of rechargeable batteries. The BMS plays a critical role in ensuring that the battery is charged and discharged at optimal rates, while also preventing dangerous situations such as overcharging, over-discharging, and overheating.
The main functions of a BMS include:
State of Charge (SOC) Monitoring: The BMS constantly monitors the battery's SOC, which is the amount of charge remaining in the battery, to ensure that it is within safe limits.
Voltage Monitoring: The BMS monitors the battery voltage to prevent overcharging or over-discharging, which can damage the battery or reduce its lifespan.
Temperature Monitoring: The BMS monitors the battery temperature to prevent overheating, which can also damage the battery or cause a fire.
Charge and Discharge Control: The BMS controls the charging and discharging of the battery to ensure that it is done at optimal rates, which improves the battery's performance and extends its lifespan.
Cell Balancing: The BMS balances the voltage and SOC of individual battery cells to ensure that they are all operating within safe limits and to prevent any one cell from being overcharged or over-discharged.
Applications :
Electric Vehicles: EVs
Grid Energy Storage Systems: Grid Storage
Renewable Energy Systems: Renewable Energy
Portable Electronic Devices: Portable Devices
Uninterruptible Power Supplies: UPS
Types of BMS :
Standard/Enhanced
Balanced
Active
Type of Batteries used in BMS
Li-ion : Lithium-ion Battery
LiPo : Lithium-Polymer Battery
LiFePO4 : Lithium Iron Phosphate
Parameters | Li-ion | LiPo | LiFePO4 |
Nominal Voltage | 3.6v - 3.7v | 3.7v | 3.2v |
Charge Voltage | 4.2v | 4.2v | 3.6v |
Deep Discharge voltage | ≃2.5v | ≃3v | ≃2.5v |
Battery Cycle | 300 - 1000 | 300 - 500 | 2000 - 5000 |
Shelf life | 2 - 3 Years | 6 - 12 Months | 2 - 3 Years |
Continuous Discharge Current Rate (C) | Standard→0.2C - 1C High→2C - 5C Low→<0.2C | Standard→1C - 2C High→10C - 50C Low→<1C | Standard→1C - 3C High→5C - 10C Low→<1C |
→ To know Charge Voltage → Current Rating ∗ K ( Constant = 1.13 )
→ For knowing Charge current → A ÷ 4
List of IC's Used :
Type | Charging IC | Protection IC | Driving IC | Balancing IC |
Li-ion & Li-Po | LTC4054 | DW01A | FS8205A | HYY2213 |
LiFePO4 | CN3058E | HY2112 | FS8205A | HY2212 |
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